TRADITIONAL DANCES
Dance is a popular cultural form in Malaysia too. Each ethnic group in Malaysia has its own dance forms which characterizes its culture. Dances are often performed in festive celebrations, wedding ceremonies, cultural shows or other public events. Below are the dances of the major three racial groups in our country:-
MALAY DANCES
Malay dances portrays the customs of the Malays. There are various forms or styles of the Malay dance which are categorized by its beats and rhythm. The four basic genres of Malay dance are Asli, Inang, Joget and Zapin.
Asli- The beats and rhythm is slow-paced yet intricate and well defined. Its dance style is graceful and elegant as it depicts the charming nature of Malay ladies. Every movement of the Asli dance starts and ends with the gong beat in the count of eights. Examples of Asli songs include Sembawa Balik, Pasir Roboh, Timang Banjar and Sri Siantan.
Inang- The Inang beats and dance movements are faster paced compared to the Asli dance. It portrays the grace and swaying movement of royal maids and has all the qualities of a palace performance. Eventually, Inang dance evolved and performed by all individuals. Nevertheless, its graceful and modest movements have always remained. Examples of songs with the Inang beat are Seri Langkat, Lenggang Mak Limah and Mak Inang Pulau Kampai.
Joget- Has been known as a fast-paced popular dance and is perform at cultural festivals, wedding celebrations and many other social functions. Its catchy beat and cheerful combination of fast hand and leg movements appeal to both young and old alike. Joget music and dance has an obviously hybrid character. Examples of Joget music include Joget Asam Kana, Joget Istana Lukut and Joget Songkok Mereng. Usually at the end of Joget performance, the drumming speeds up to a rapid dance section, in which two dancers face each other end, standing on their right legs, extend their left legs forward until their feet touch then they switch legs.
Zapin- Originally, Zapin performances were popular among the royalty. A typical Zapin performance and song can be categorized into three parts. The first part is called the tagsism or introduction. This is where the gambus is played in a solo manner as an opening. Simultaneously, the dancers enter the stage and perform the sembah or act of respect to the audiences. As the performance progress the dancers performs various steps and legwork movements. The second part is at the end of of every quatrain or pantun, where the music and beating of the drums is played in a rapid beat manner known as tingkah or kopak while the dancers move in a jumping manner called the minta tahto. The third part is the end of the performance, which is known as the tahtim, whereby the dancers will perform the wainab movements to close the performance.
CHINESE DANCES
Chinese dance refer to the two dance forms that encompasses the Chinese classical dance and Chinese ethnic dance.
Chinese classical dance- These dances would often be performed at major ceremonies, diplomatic events and even during religious ceremonies. Chinese classical dance has improved upon its technique from one dynasty to another in order to standardize the form. Foundation techniques of Chinese classical dance (barre work training, center work training, jumps, turns, somersaults and combined technique training), Chinese classical dance posture and rhythm training, tanzigong training (fighting and acrobatics/martial arts), sword-dance training, long-sleeve dance training, etc. Recently, “Han Tang” classical dance training has also started to gain popularity.
Chinese Ethnic Dance- It is a product of the historical progress of each ethnic community as well as their individual artistic creativity. The dances reflect the various regional specialties, cultural characteristics and religious beliefs of each ethnic group at different stages in history, infusing every dance with unique local flavor. Many of the terms used in these dances are drawn from everyday life and even the props used are also day-to-day items and instruments. Ethnic dance performances are a staple of celebrations, religious and major events, making them an integral part of every community’s identity.
INDIAN DANCES
The classical Indian dance styles that we know today, namely Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, Odissi, Kuchipudi and Kathak. Forms such as Chhau, Koodiyatnam and Yakshagana could in due course enter the classical classification. Classical India dance is divided into three distinct categories, namely natya (corresponds of drama), nritya (gesticulation when it is performed to words sung in a musical melody) and nritta (pure dancing where the movements do not express any mood or meaning. While most of the styles are rooted in the basic principles, there are certain characteristic features that distinguish one form from the other.
Prepared by,
SHAIDATUL NADZIRAH BINTI MOHD AZMAN
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